Ontology of Human Developmental Anatomy


DATABASE HELP


Introduction to the database structure

The database can be thought of as recursive sets subdividing the embryo into anatomical components at each Carnegie Stage. Of course, this is not a good representation of reality, because it obscures the tissue continuity through the stages it appears in, and some tissues appear more than once for ease of navigation. (E.g. do you define the subsets in a geographical, functional, morphological or other manner.) The important issues of philosophically correct taxonomic approach versus correct database practice of one entity, one object, have frequently been ignored in this database in deference to the priorities of ease of use and financial reality. Anybody who is interested in pursuing these issues may wish to contact the Mouse Atlas Project, where many of them are being actively tackled.

To illustrate the recursive set hierarchy, I will take an example from CS07 (Carnegie Stage 7). At this point the top level divisions are:

cavities
embryo
extraembryonic tissue
If we recurse one level down the hierarchy of cavities, we find that cavities contains:
amniotic
secondary yolk sac
etc, etc. Go to the hierarchical search form and click on CS07 box, then the submit box, and you will see the full stage displayed.

Whilst a bare listing of the tissue hierarchies may be useful, it was felt that there were frequently issues that required brief notes on the underlying processes, so if a component is underlined, it means that clicking on it will access a note specific to that point in development. The notes will often contain links to other notes and also to the references list.

How to use the Advanced Query Search

The number of options on the advanced query form is intimidating at first glance, but although the default options are probably what is most often required, being able to customise a seach to produce only the data required is very valuable.

Carnegie Stage

At the top of the form is the Carnegie Stage chooser:


Select all, or choose the stages to view below

CS01   CS02   CS03   CS04   CS05a   CS05b   CS05c   CS06a  
CS06b   CS07   CS08   CS09   CS10   CS11   CS12   CS13  
CS14   CS15   CS16   CS17   CS18   CS19   CS20  

The default option is to choose one of more stages from the ones listed. Notice that Choose and All have a slightly different look to them than the CSXX stage boxes, and that the Choose box has been selected. This is because they are meta controls, and Choose has been chosen by default. If All is selected then it doesn't matter which of the Carnegie Stages are selected. To go back to selecting just a few stages click on the Choose button again. Note that if you have selected a CSXX box you can deselect it by clicking on it again.

Links to notes and Depth of search

Next comes a choice of showing or hiding the links to notes and the option to limit the search to a number of levels.


links to notes.     Limit the depth of search to level(s).

The first of these is fairly obvious, but the second requires a bit more explanation. Once one reaches the later stages, perhaps all that is required is an overview before doing a more detailed search on a more specific area. The default is to search out all components, however deeply nested the substructures, but if you want only to see things to a few levels try selecting a number of levels of subset nesting you require to see in the hierarchy.

Limiting area of search

Next comes sub-component selection.


Enter component name to search for:

Sorry, this is not yet implemented.

If you want to select only certain areas to view - perhaps through several stages to see how they change, you can type in a subcomponent definition, and only that part of the hierarchy will be displayed.

You can discover exactly what the components are called by doing a depth limited search, and then typing the component into the box e.g.


Enter component name to search for:

in the case of the earlier example at CS07.

Reset, Search and Help buttons

Finally the fairly self explanatory Reset, Search and Help buttons.


Press this button to reset all fields:

Press this button to submit query:

Press this button to get help:


Reset will return all the fields in the form to their default state. Search will submit your query to the database (some browsers may require you to confirm it depending on how their security preferences are set). Help should get you this page.

How to use the first occurence search

This is intended for finding a component when you don't really know where to start. If you want to know where to start looking liver as an example you can just type in liver and submit the query. What will be returned is the Carnegie Stage at which liver appears at some point in the name of one or more tissues. You could equally well use this for examples such as somite 13. Note how important the 13 might be!

There is a list of synonyms supplied to help this process.

Timesaving tips

This is by no means a comprehensive list, but will show some useful techniques to better use your browser.

  1. If you want to view two stages side by side and you have a big monitor:
    open a second browser window (usually something like File -> New Browser/Window on the menu), and then do a query from both windows on the the requisite stage. Some browsers open the second window at the current page, others revert to your home page so you have to cut and paste the current address into the File -> Open URL dialog if you want the duplicate window at the same page.
  2. If you want to find a particular author or other information in the titles of the references used for the database:
    open the reference list from the HumAt home page and then use the seach capability of your browser (often Edit -> Find on the menu).

Last altered on: 11th June 2003.
Authored by: G.McKay
Pages maintained by: M.Simmen@ed.ac.uk